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The SGA is broken up into various pools. Here are the major ones you ll see: Java pool: The Java pool is a fixed amount of memory allocated for the JVM running in the database. In Oracle10g, the Java pool may be resized online while the database is up and running. Large pool: The large pool is used by shared server connections for session memory, by parallel execution features for message buffers, and by RMAN backup for disk I/O buffers. This pool is resizable online. Shared pool: The shared pool contains shared cursors, stored procedures, state objects, dictionary caches, and many dozens of other bits of data. This pool is resizable online in both Oracle 10g and 9i. Streams pool: This is a pool of memory used exclusively by Oracle Streams, a datasharing tool within the database. This pool is new in Oracle 10g and is resizable online. If the Streams pool is not configured and you use the Streams functionality, Oracle will use up to 10 percent of the shared pool for streams memory. The Null pool: This one doesn t really have a name. It is the memory dedicated to block buffers (cached database blocks), the redo log buffer, and a fixed SGA area.

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Let s take a moment to look at how to implement one of the primitive Async<'a> actions we ve been using earlier in the chapter. Listing 13-8 shows the essence of the implementation of Stream.ReadAsync, which is a primitive asynchronous action that wraps a pair of Stream.BeginRead and Stream.EndRead calls using Async.Primitive. We implement this as an extension to the System.IO.Stream type to ensure it is easy to find the asynchronous version of this functionality alongside existing functions (extension members were described in 6). Listing 13-8. An Implementation of an Async.Primitive open System let trylet f x = (try Choice2_1 (f x) with exn -> Choice2_2(exn)) let protect cont econt f x = match trylet f x with | Choice2_1 v -> cont v | Choice2_2 exn -> econt exn type System.IO.Stream with member stream.ReadAsync (buffer,offset,count) = Async.Primitive (fun (cont,econt) -> stream.BeginRead (buffer=buffer, offset=offset, count=count, state=null, callback=AsyncCallback(protect cont econt stream.EndRead)) |> ignore) The type of Async.Primitive is as follows:

A typical SGA might look as shown in Figure 4-1.

The parameters that have the greatest effect on the overall size of the SGA are as follows: JAVA_POOL_SIZE: Controls the size of the Java pool. SHARED_POOL_SIZE: Controls the size of the shared pool (to some degree). LARGE_POOL_SIZE: Controls the size of the large pool. DB_*_CACHE_SIZE: Eight of these cache_size parameters control the sizes of the various buffer caches available. LOG_BUFFER: Controls the size of the redo buffer (to some degree). SGA_TARGET: Used with automatic SGA memory management in Oracle 10g and above. SGA_MAX_SIZE: Used to control the maximum size to which the SGA can be resized while the database is up and running. MEMORY_TARGET: Used with automatic memory management (both PGA and SGA automatic memory management). MEMORY_MAX_SIZE: Used to control the maximum amount of memory Oracle should strive to use over both the PGA and SGA sizes under automatic memory management. This is really just a target; the PGA may exceed the optimum size if the number of users increases beyond some level or a session(s) allocates large untunable bits of memory as demonstrated above.